#THOCS2E6 - HISTORICAL MILESTONES
ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEM: Liberalized Republic (494 BC), Direct Elections (494 BC), City Hall (435 BC), Embassy (435 BC), Private Property (400 BC), Mixed Government, Aristrocacia, Plutocracy, Anarchism, Welfare State , Tyranny, Rule of Law.
Private law appears. Citizens now have private property such as land, buildings and farms. Fences cease to serve only to confine animals. The first fences and walls are created to divide private spaces.
RESIDENCES: Houses gain the divisions that we still use today. The rooms are separated by living rooms, kitchen, bedrooms, storage rooms and internal bathrooms. In 400 BC the showers are invented and in 350 AC the central heating.
ARCHITECTURE: Becomes technical (and not just artistic) with human proportions, ergonomics, scopes, management, construction engineering, chemical, civil, materials engineering, mechanics, military and planning (Vitruvius - "The Ten Books on Architecture" - 30 B.C). Cement is used for the first time.
COMMERCE: The first vending machine was invented in 100 BC. The first market appears, together with the buildings used for stores and the stocks used for open stalls.
INFRASTRUCTURE: For the first time, the city is subdivided and the neighborhoods are born. Building plots, apartment blocks and villages invaded on the commons were sold or given to influential citizens. Also for the first time, the streets are given names, the first population censuses are carried out. The first stone bridges are built.
- Urban planning, a grid for residential and public areas (500 BC),
- The first city hall, Villa Publica, which means "Casa do Povo" (435 BC), was opened,
- The first paved street is built, with a slope for draining water, channels, and storm drains (400 BC),
- First true arch bridge, the Rhodes Footbridge (400 BC),
- Via Ápia was the first long road built and paved (312 BC),
- The world's first lighthouse was built in the port of Piraeus, essentially a small stone column with a fire torch (300 BC),
- The first signs with street names appear, the Roman landmarks (264 BC),
- Founded the first neighborhoods in the world in Rome: Colina, Esquilina, Palatina and Suburana (246 BC),
- Dry dock (200 BC),
- First stone bridge built architecturally (142 BC),
- The Silk Road was built, a set of commercial routes that connected East and West (114 BC),
- The world's first weather station was built, a combination of sundials, a water clock and a weather vane (50 BC),
- The world's first ground zero, the Golden Landmark, was built as the starting point of a road system (20 BC),
- Cranes for building and loading ships,
BASIC SERVICES:
In 390 BC, the first concept of "police" appeared in China. Men or women were called "monitors" or "mayors", responsible for enforcing laws. Each looked after a "prefecture" or jurisdiction and reported to the governors, who in turn responded to the emperor.
The fire hose was invented in 100 BC. In 24 BC the first fire fighting service appears. A public fire department distributed among seven fire stations. 600 slaves patrolled the streets of Rome and fought fires.
425 BC - Primary education system (reading, writing, arithmetic and moral education),
420 BC - Higher education, more focused fields of study (mathematics, astronomy, harmonics and dialectics),
385 BC - Foundation of the first academy, Plato's School of Philosophy (an institution composed of professors and researchers from higher education institutes),
334 BC - Peripatetic School of Philosophy (founded by Aristotle),
320 BC - High school (grammar, rhetoric, logic, arithmetic, geometry, music and astronomy)
TRANSPORT: The odometer and horseshoe are invented in 300 BC.
INDUSTRY: Gears and winches (500 BC), cast iron (400 BC), water wheel (280 BC), water mill (250 BC), air and water pumps, surveying tools (200 BC), the barrel wood is invented (200 BC), grain mill (71 BC), high oven, Archimedes screw, rotary mill, flour, bread factory.
AGRICULTURE: Mechanization, the development of irrigation, new equipment for planting and harvesting, storage and understanding of the climate make agriculture soar. It overcomes comedy and becomes big business again. The citizen can buy, drive, work or supply inputs and equipment for the farm. It spins money around the city and keeps trade and industry supplied.
Farm sizes can be divided into three categories. Small farms (130 hectares), medium-sized farms were (650 hectares) and large farms, called latifundios (more than 1300 hectares). Farms become family owned.
DEFENSE: Catapult (399 BC), primitive cannon by compressed air (300 BC), Archimedes claw (214 BC).
LEISURE: The circuses for racing carriages, horses, gladiator combat, performances and events, established in 500 BC. The theater is no longer presented in "circuses" and in public squares and gains its own venue, with stage, dressing rooms, audience, lighting and acoustics in 499 BC. The amphitheater was invented in 53 BC.
In 300 BC the Musaeum or Mouseion appeared in Alexandria, it was home to music and poetry, a philosophical school and library such as Plato's Academy, and also a depository of texts. It did not have a collection of works of art, however, this original was the source of the modern use of the word "museum".
Private law appears. Citizens now have private property such as land, buildings and farms. Fences cease to serve only to confine animals. The first fences and walls are created to divide private spaces.
RESIDENCES: Houses gain the divisions that we still use today. The rooms are separated by living rooms, kitchen, bedrooms, storage rooms and internal bathrooms. In 400 BC the showers are invented and in 350 AC the central heating.
ARCHITECTURE: Becomes technical (and not just artistic) with human proportions, ergonomics, scopes, management, construction engineering, chemical, civil, materials engineering, mechanics, military and planning (Vitruvius - "The Ten Books on Architecture" - 30 B.C). Cement is used for the first time.
COMMERCE: The first vending machine was invented in 100 BC. The first market appears, together with the buildings used for stores and the stocks used for open stalls.
INFRASTRUCTURE: For the first time, the city is subdivided and the neighborhoods are born. Building plots, apartment blocks and villages invaded on the commons were sold or given to influential citizens. Also for the first time, the streets are given names, the first population censuses are carried out. The first stone bridges are built.
- Urban planning, a grid for residential and public areas (500 BC),
- The first city hall, Villa Publica, which means "Casa do Povo" (435 BC), was opened,
- The first paved street is built, with a slope for draining water, channels, and storm drains (400 BC),
- First true arch bridge, the Rhodes Footbridge (400 BC),
- Via Ápia was the first long road built and paved (312 BC),
- The world's first lighthouse was built in the port of Piraeus, essentially a small stone column with a fire torch (300 BC),
- The first signs with street names appear, the Roman landmarks (264 BC),
- Founded the first neighborhoods in the world in Rome: Colina, Esquilina, Palatina and Suburana (246 BC),
- Dry dock (200 BC),
- First stone bridge built architecturally (142 BC),
- The Silk Road was built, a set of commercial routes that connected East and West (114 BC),
- The world's first weather station was built, a combination of sundials, a water clock and a weather vane (50 BC),
- The world's first ground zero, the Golden Landmark, was built as the starting point of a road system (20 BC),
- Cranes for building and loading ships,
BASIC SERVICES:
In 390 BC, the first concept of "police" appeared in China. Men or women were called "monitors" or "mayors", responsible for enforcing laws. Each looked after a "prefecture" or jurisdiction and reported to the governors, who in turn responded to the emperor.
The fire hose was invented in 100 BC. In 24 BC the first fire fighting service appears. A public fire department distributed among seven fire stations. 600 slaves patrolled the streets of Rome and fought fires.
425 BC - Primary education system (reading, writing, arithmetic and moral education),
420 BC - Higher education, more focused fields of study (mathematics, astronomy, harmonics and dialectics),
385 BC - Foundation of the first academy, Plato's School of Philosophy (an institution composed of professors and researchers from higher education institutes),
334 BC - Peripatetic School of Philosophy (founded by Aristotle),
320 BC - High school (grammar, rhetoric, logic, arithmetic, geometry, music and astronomy)
TRANSPORT: The odometer and horseshoe are invented in 300 BC.
INDUSTRY: Gears and winches (500 BC), cast iron (400 BC), water wheel (280 BC), water mill (250 BC), air and water pumps, surveying tools (200 BC), the barrel wood is invented (200 BC), grain mill (71 BC), high oven, Archimedes screw, rotary mill, flour, bread factory.
AGRICULTURE: Mechanization, the development of irrigation, new equipment for planting and harvesting, storage and understanding of the climate make agriculture soar. It overcomes comedy and becomes big business again. The citizen can buy, drive, work or supply inputs and equipment for the farm. It spins money around the city and keeps trade and industry supplied.
Farm sizes can be divided into three categories. Small farms (130 hectares), medium-sized farms were (650 hectares) and large farms, called latifundios (more than 1300 hectares). Farms become family owned.
DEFENSE: Catapult (399 BC), primitive cannon by compressed air (300 BC), Archimedes claw (214 BC).
LEISURE: The circuses for racing carriages, horses, gladiator combat, performances and events, established in 500 BC. The theater is no longer presented in "circuses" and in public squares and gains its own venue, with stage, dressing rooms, audience, lighting and acoustics in 499 BC. The amphitheater was invented in 53 BC.
In 300 BC the Musaeum or Mouseion appeared in Alexandria, it was home to music and poetry, a philosophical school and library such as Plato's Academy, and also a depository of texts. It did not have a collection of works of art, however, this original was the source of the modern use of the word "museum".
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