#THOCS3E1 - HISTORICAL MILESTONES
ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEM: Feudalism arises as a result of the loss of power of empires. Soldiers who won land as payment for their victories, begin to divide it into land and thus manage their own community, with new policies, social and economic rules. Toll fees and import and export taxes are created only for the use of roads. The costs of services and freight have increased since then.
RESIDENCES: The city begins to suffer from lack of space, and with more people living in the same place, small apartment buildings with two, three and even four floors are built next to each other.
With the cost of living rising in the city, those who cannot afford to have a house close to the center are forced to live further away. Then the first peripheries appear. Villages without any type of structure or basic service.
ARCHITECTURE: The most common materials used were bricks, stone, masonry, cement, concrete and marble. The first roofs with clay and ceramic tiles appear. Sophisticated architecture begins to shape the home of ordinary people, with arches, columns, roofs and decorative elements.
At the end of the last millennium, great earthquakes, fires and invasions, were responsible for the destruction and abandonment of epic buildings, temples and monuments.
COMMERCE: Large markets and shopping centers are built, bringing together stores, offices, public services and forming bustling shopping centers.
INFRASTRUCTURE: Streets and roads become important avenues for commerce, communication and military transportation. For the first time they are divided into categories:
1) Public or Munita Road: Designed streets, with drainage systems that were part of the urban center and main highways, which were paved and connected one city to another or to a port.
2) Via Agrária or Glareata: Gravel roads that passed through private property and connected a city to a highway or interconnected two main highways.
3) Vicinal or Terrena Roads: Dirt streets that connected neighborhoods from the periphery to the city center
There have been pedestrian crossings for over 2000 years, as can be seen in the ruins of Pompeii. Blocks raised on the road allowed pedestrians to cross the street without having to step on the road itself, which was also the drainage and sewer system. The spaces between the blocks allowed horse-drawn cars to pass the road.
Huge aqueducts spread throughout the city, bringing more water to supply an increasing demand for homes, commerce, industry and agriculture. Rivers are beginning to be polluted by the drained sewage.
BASIC SERVICES: In order to meet the needs of travelers who traveled long distances on the roads, the "mansions" (places of accommodation) started to appear, which are the hotels, inns and furniture of today. These buildings were built and maintained by the government. Only official travelers could be accommodated, and for that, the "passport" that he was supposed to present before settling in to sleep, take a shower or dinner was created.
For unofficial travelers who need a snack, a private system of "pousadas" or cauponas has been placed near the mansions. They performed the same functions, but were somewhat unseemly, as they were frequented by thieves and prostitutes.
The catacombs are no longer built inside the city and the dead are now buried far away from the city, to avoid diseases and water contamination.
TRANSPORT: For the government to finance the construction of roads, the first tolls appear, usually installed at the beginning of bridges, before the vehicle crosses to enter the city.
INDUSTRY: Deep underground mining begins, supplying the great demand for stones and rocks, for the construction of increasingly larger buildings and monuments.
There is an abundance of marble. From this quarry, travertines and tufts were extracted for the construction of the Colosseum.
DEFENSE: After the horses, it's time for the elephants to be tamed and be part of the armies to defend the city.
LEISURE: Spas, Saunas and Public Baths multiply throughout the city. The leisure buildings are getting bigger and bigger and gather crowds. Squares become meeting points in the open air.
RESIDENCES: The city begins to suffer from lack of space, and with more people living in the same place, small apartment buildings with two, three and even four floors are built next to each other.
With the cost of living rising in the city, those who cannot afford to have a house close to the center are forced to live further away. Then the first peripheries appear. Villages without any type of structure or basic service.
ARCHITECTURE: The most common materials used were bricks, stone, masonry, cement, concrete and marble. The first roofs with clay and ceramic tiles appear. Sophisticated architecture begins to shape the home of ordinary people, with arches, columns, roofs and decorative elements.
At the end of the last millennium, great earthquakes, fires and invasions, were responsible for the destruction and abandonment of epic buildings, temples and monuments.
COMMERCE: Large markets and shopping centers are built, bringing together stores, offices, public services and forming bustling shopping centers.
INFRASTRUCTURE: Streets and roads become important avenues for commerce, communication and military transportation. For the first time they are divided into categories:
1) Public or Munita Road: Designed streets, with drainage systems that were part of the urban center and main highways, which were paved and connected one city to another or to a port.
2) Via Agrária or Glareata: Gravel roads that passed through private property and connected a city to a highway or interconnected two main highways.
3) Vicinal or Terrena Roads: Dirt streets that connected neighborhoods from the periphery to the city center
There have been pedestrian crossings for over 2000 years, as can be seen in the ruins of Pompeii. Blocks raised on the road allowed pedestrians to cross the street without having to step on the road itself, which was also the drainage and sewer system. The spaces between the blocks allowed horse-drawn cars to pass the road.
Huge aqueducts spread throughout the city, bringing more water to supply an increasing demand for homes, commerce, industry and agriculture. Rivers are beginning to be polluted by the drained sewage.
BASIC SERVICES: In order to meet the needs of travelers who traveled long distances on the roads, the "mansions" (places of accommodation) started to appear, which are the hotels, inns and furniture of today. These buildings were built and maintained by the government. Only official travelers could be accommodated, and for that, the "passport" that he was supposed to present before settling in to sleep, take a shower or dinner was created.
For unofficial travelers who need a snack, a private system of "pousadas" or cauponas has been placed near the mansions. They performed the same functions, but were somewhat unseemly, as they were frequented by thieves and prostitutes.
The catacombs are no longer built inside the city and the dead are now buried far away from the city, to avoid diseases and water contamination.
TRANSPORT: For the government to finance the construction of roads, the first tolls appear, usually installed at the beginning of bridges, before the vehicle crosses to enter the city.
INDUSTRY: Deep underground mining begins, supplying the great demand for stones and rocks, for the construction of increasingly larger buildings and monuments.
There is an abundance of marble. From this quarry, travertines and tufts were extracted for the construction of the Colosseum.
DEFENSE: After the horses, it's time for the elephants to be tamed and be part of the armies to defend the city.
LEISURE: Spas, Saunas and Public Baths multiply throughout the city. The leisure buildings are getting bigger and bigger and gather crowds. Squares become meeting points in the open air.
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